Minimal Mistakes 提供了很多布局文件,为了更好地使用它们,这篇文章简单分析了几个比较常见的布局文件源码。

我们知道,Jekyll Theme 的 Layout 文件会统一放在 _layouts 目录下,每个 html 文件分别对应一种布局。

首先来看所有布局文件的基类 —— _layouts/default.html

default

作为所有布局文件的基类,_layouts/default.html 定义了生成 html 文件的基本框架。

我们从第一个标签 <html> 开始分析:

<html lang="{{ site.locale | slice: 0,2 | default: "en" }}" class="no-js">

可以看出,<html> 标签中给 lang 属性赋值,取值来源于 _config.yml 的全局配置 locale

然后是 <head> 标签:

<head>
  {% include head.html %}
  {% include head/custom.html %}
</head>

其中_includes/head.html 做了以下几件事:

  • seo
  • atom feed
  • viewport
  • stylesheet => /assets/css/main.css
  • fontawesome

同时也支持引入自定义 js:

{% if site.head_scripts %}
  {% for script in site.head_scripts %}
    <script src="{{ script | relative_url }}"></script>
  {% endfor %}
{% endif %}

第二个 include 文件 _includes/head/custom.html 是留给我们自定义用的。

继续往下看,<body> 标签:

{% include_cached skip-links.html %}
{% include_cached masthead.html %}

其中 _includes/skip-links.html 用于页面内快速跳转:

<nav class="skip-links">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#site-nav" class="screen-reader-shortcut">{{ site.data.ui-text[site.locale].skip_primary_nav | default: 'Skip to primary navigation' }}</a></li>
    <li><a href="#main" class="screen-reader-shortcut">{{ site.data.ui-text[site.locale].skip_content | default: 'Skip to content' }}</a></li>
    <li><a href="#footer" class="screen-reader-shortcut">{{ site.data.ui-text[site.locale].skip_footer | default: 'Skip to footer' }}</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

支持三个锚点:

  • #site-nav
  • #main
  • #footer

<body> 标签内的第二个 include 文件 _includes/masthead.html 是页面吊顶,我们逐行来分析。

首先是展示网站 logo,其路径来源于全局配置 site.logo

{% capture logo_path %}{{ site.logo }}{% endcapture %}

用一个 <a> 标签包裹的 <img> 做展示:

{% unless logo_path == empty %}
  <a class="site-logo" href="{{ '/' | relative_url }}"><img src="{{ logo_path | relative_url }}" alt="{{ site.masthead_title | default: site.title }}"></a>
{% endunless %}

logo 的右边是 titlesubtitle,也是来自于全局配置:

<a class="site-title" href="{{ '/' | relative_url }}">
  {{ site.masthead_title | default: site.title }}
  {% if site.subtitle %}<span class="site-subtitle">{{ site.subtitle }}</span>{% endif %}
</a>

然后是导航条:

<ul class="visible-links">
  {%- for link in site.data.navigation.main -%}
    <li class="masthead__menu-item">
      <a href="{{ link.url | relative_url }}"{% if link.description %} title="{{ link.description }}"{% endif %}>{{ link.title }}</a>
    </li>
  {%- endfor -%}
</ul>

很遗憾,不支持多级导航。

接下来是搜索按钮:

{% if site.search == true %}
<button class="search__toggle" type="button">
  <span class="visually-hidden">{{ site.data.ui-text[site.locale].search_label | default: "Toggle search" }}</span>
  <i class="fas fa-search"></i>
</button>
{% endif %}

其中 visually-hidden 这个 css 类比较好玩,看下源码:

.visually-hidden,
.screen-reader-text,
.screen-reader-text span,
.screen-reader-shortcut {
  position: absolute !important;
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  height: 1px !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  overflow: hidden;
}

body:hover .visually-hidden a,
body:hover .visually-hidden input,
body:hover .visually-hidden button {
  display: none !important;
}

可以看出,以上 CSS 是是一种比较 tricky 的做法,应该是做 SEO 用的。

最后是自适应布局中的 Toggle menu

<button class="greedy-nav__toggle hidden" type="button">
  <span class="visually-hidden">{{ site.data.ui-text[site.locale].menu_label | default: "Toggle menu" }}</span>
  <div class="navicon"></div>
</button>

控制 Toggle menu 自适应布局的源码位于 assets/js/plugins/jquery.greedy-navigation.js

以上便是 _includes/masthead.html 的源码,回到 _layouts/default.html 继续往下看:

子类布局占位:

<div class="initial-content">
  {{ content }}
</div>

后面要分析的布局 _includes/splash.html , 其文件内容就是通过 {{ content }} 变量来占位。

搜索:

{% if site.search == true %}
  <div class="search-content">
    {% include_cached search/search_form.html %}
  </div>
{% endif %}

支持三种第三方搜索插件:

  • lunr
  • google
  • algolia

对应的 js 在 _includes/scripts.html 有定义。

footer:

<div id="footer" class="page__footer">
  <footer>
    {% include footer/custom.html %}
    {% include_cached footer.html %}
  </footer>
</div>

其中 _includes/footer/custom.html 用于自定义。

_includes/footer.html 用于展示如下配置:

  • site.data.ui-text[site.locale].follow_label
  • site.footer.links
    • link.icon
    • link.label
    • link.url
  • site.atom_feed
  • site.time & site.name || site.title & site.data.ui-text[site.locale].powered_by

scripts:

{% include scripts.html %}

_includes/scripts.html 中包含了以下内容:

1)自定义 js,默认使用 /assets/js/main.min.js

{% if site.footer_scripts %}
  {% for script in site.footer_scripts %}
    <script src="{{ script | relative_url }}"></script>
  {% endfor %}
{% else %}
  <script src="{{ '/assets/js/main.min.js' | relative_url }}"></script>
{% endif %}

2)搜索

{% if site.search == true or page.layout == "search" %}
  {%- assign search_provider = site.search_provider | default: "lunr" -%}
  {%- case search_provider -%}
    {%- when "lunr" -%}
      {% include_cached search/lunr-search-scripts.html %}
    {%- when "google" -%}
      {% include_cached search/google-search-scripts.html %}
    {%- when "algolia" -%}
      {% include_cached search/algolia-search-scripts.html %}
  {%- endcase -%}
{% endif %}

3)埋点

{% include analytics.html %}

4)评论

{% include /comments-providers/scripts.html %}

5)js 脚本

{% if site.after_footer_scripts %}
  {% for script in site.after_footer_scripts %}
    <script src="{{ script | relative_url }}"></script>
  {% endfor %}
{% endif %}

最后总结一下 _layouts/default.html 的代码结构:

  • html
    • head
      • include head.html
        • include seo.html
        • site.atom_feed
        • viewport
        • /assets/css/main.css
        • fontawesome
        • site.head_scripts
      • include head/custom.html
    • body
      • include_cached skip-links.html
        • #site-nav
        • #main
        • #footer
      • include_cached masthead.html
        • site.logo
        • site.masthead site.title
        • site.subtitle
        • site.data.navigation.main
        • site.search
        • Toggle menu
      • {{ content }}
      • include_cached search/search_form.html
        • lunr
        • google
        • algolia
    • footer
      • include footer/custom.html
        • site.data.ui-text[site.locale].follow_label
        • site.footer.links
        • site.atom_feed
        • copyright
      • include_cached footer.html
    • include scripts.html
      • site.footer_scripts
      • site.search
      • include analytics.html
        • google
        • google-universal
        • google-gtag
        • custom
      • include /comments-providers/scripts.html
        • diques
        • discourse
        • facebook
        • staticman
        • staticman_v2
        • utterances
        • giscus
        • custom
      • site.after_footer_scripts

splash

splash 继承自 default ,适用于 landing page。

Minimal Mistakes 官网首页便是使用了这个布局。

下面简单分析下源码。

主题源码的 docs/_pages/home.md 文件中,Front Matter 定义了一个 header 变量:

header:
  overlay_color: "#5e616c"
  overlay_image: /assets/images/mm-home-page-feature.jpg
  actions:
    - label: "<i class='fas fa-download'></i> Install now"
      url: "/docs/quick-start-guide/"

这个变量在布局源码文件 _layouts/splash.html 中会被用到:

{% if page.header.overlay_color or page.header.overlay_image or page.header.image %}
  {% include page__hero.html %}
{% elsif page.header.video.id and page.header.video.provider %}
  {% include page__hero_video.html %}
{% endif %}

以上代码可以看出,这里既可以展示图片,也可以展示视频。

  • 展示图片的 include 文件是 page_hero.html

它用到的参数有:

  • page.header.overlay_image => overlay_img_path
  • page.header.overlay_color
  • page.header.overlay_filter => overlay_filter
    • gradient
    • rgba
  • page.header.image_description => image_description
  • page.header.show_overlay_excerpt
  • page.header.cta_url
  • page.header.actions
    • label
    • url
  • page.header.image
  • page.header.caption

展示视频的 include 文件是 _includes/page__hero-video.html

{% assign video = page.header.video %}
{% include video id=video.id provider=video.provider danmaku=video.danmaku %}

这里进一步引用了 _include/video 这个模块:

{% capture video_id %}{{ include.id }}{% endcapture %}
{% capture video_provider %}{{ include.provider }}{% endcapture %}
{% capture video_danmaku %}{{ include.danmaku | default: 0 }}{% endcapture %}

{% capture video_src %}
  {% case video_provider %}
  {% when "vimeo" %}
    https://player.vimeo.com/video/{{ video_id }}?dnt=true
  {% when "youtube" %}
    https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/{{ video_id }}
  {% when "google-drive" %}
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/{{ video_id }}/preview
  {% when "bilibili" %}
    https://player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid={{ video_id }}&page=1&as_wide=1&high_quality=1&danmaku={{ video_danmaku }}
  {% endcase %}
{% endcapture %}
{% assign video_src = video_src | strip %}

<!-- Courtesy of embedresponsively.com -->
{% unless video_src == "" %}
  <div class="responsive-video-container">
    <iframe src="{{ video_src }}" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>
  </div>
{% endunless %}

代码很简单,四个视频平台:

  • vimeo
  • youtube
  • google-drive
  • bilibili

继续分析 _layouts/splash.html 的剩余代码:

<div id="main" role="main">
  <article class="splash" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
    {% if page.title %}<meta itemprop="headline" content="{{ page.title | markdownify | strip_html | strip_newlines | escape_once }}">{% endif %}
    {% if page.excerpt %}<meta itemprop="description" content="{{ page.excerpt | markdownify | strip_html | strip_newlines | escape_once }}">{% endif %}
    {% if page.date %}<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="{{ page.date | date_to_xmlschema }}">{% endif %}
    {% if page.last_modified_at %}<meta itemprop="dateModified" content="{{ page.last_modified_at | date_to_xmlschema }}">{% endif %}

    <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
      {{ content }}
    </section>
  </article>
</div>

这部分代码只是给 article 元素中添加了四个 meta

Page Variable Item Property
page.title headline
page.excerpt description
page.date datePublished
page.last_modified_at dateModified

对页面视觉没有作用,应该只是为了 SEO。

_includes/splash.html 本身的代码比较简单,我们再回过头去看使用了这个布局的文件 docs/_pages/home.md

Front Matter 中除了 header 变量,还有一个 feature_row 数组:

feature_row:
  - image_path: /assets/images/mm-customizable-feature.png
    alt: "customizable"
    title: "Super customizable"
    excerpt: "Everything from the menus, sidebars, comments, and more can be configured or set with YAML Front Matter."
    url: "/docs/configuration/"
    btn_class: "btn--primary"
    btn_label: "Learn more"

可以看出,数组元素的属性挺多的,我们来看下它是如何被展示的。

docs/_pages/home.md 文件的末尾通过如下代码引入了 _includes/feature_row 文件:

{% include feature_row %}

我们来分析一下 _includes/feature_row 的源码:

{% if include.id %}
  {% assign feature_row = page[include.id] %}
{% else %}
  {% assign feature_row = page.feature_row %}
{% endif %}

第一个 assign 没看懂,问了一下 ChatGPT,回答如下:

In Jekyll, the code `{% assign feature_row = page[include.id] %}` is using the html templating language to assign a value to the `feature_row` variable.

Let's break down the code:

- `{% assign ... %}` is a html tag used for variable assignment.
- `feature_row` is the name of the variable being assigned.
- `page` is a special object in Jekyll that represents the current page being processed.
- `[include.id]` is accessing a value from the `page` object using square brackets and `include.id`.

In this case, `include.id` is likely a variable or parameter that holds a specific identifier or key. By using `page[include.id]`, the code is retrieving a value associated with that identifier from the `page` object and assigning it to the `feature_row` variable.

The purpose and usage of the `feature_row` variable depend on the specific context and how it is used later in the Jekyll template or layout.

也就是说,page 实际上是 Javascript 的一个 Object,page[include.id] 的意思是:取 page 对象中属性名为 include.id 的那个变量。

进一步说,我们可以在 docs/_pages/home.md 文件中定义一个名称为 features 的数组,然后通过如下代码传参给 _includes/feature_row

{% include feature_row id="features" %}

继续分析 _includes/feature_row 源码。

通过遍历 feature_row,获取数组元素 f

{% for f in feature_row %}

在 for 循环体内,依次展示每个元素的属性:

1)image_path

{% if f.image_path %}
  <div class="archive__item-teaser">
    <img src="{{ f.image_path | relative_url }}"
         alt="{% if f.alt %}{{ f.alt }}{% endif %}">
    {% if f.image_caption %}
      <span class="archive__item-caption">{{ f.image_caption | markdownify | remove: "<p>" | remove: "</p>" }}</span>
    {% endif %}
  </div>
{% endif %}

2)title

{% if f.title %}
  <h2 class="archive__item-title">{{ f.title }}</h2>
{% endif %}

3)excerpt

{% if f.excerpt %}
  <div class="archive__item-excerpt">
    {{ f.excerpt | markdownify }}
  </div>
{% endif %}

4)url

{% if f.url %}
  <p><a href="{{ f.url | relative_url }}" class="btn {{ f.btn_class }}">{{ f.btn_label | default: site.data.ui-text[site.locale].more_label | default: "Learn More" }}</a></p>
{% endif %}

以上便是 _includes/feature_row 的源码,至此,_layouts/splash.html 也分析完了。

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